D3.js 可以画出非常漂亮的图。如饼状图,树状图,网络图谱结构图,甚至地图等等。主要的原理就相当于SVG(Scalable Vector Graphics, 可缩放矢量图形)里的JQuery,支持数据与DOM元素的绑定,目前最新版本问V4,官网地址为http://d3js.org
看一个网络示例图:
具体实现过程如下:
首先在服务器端生成Json格式的数据,示例如下:
# 定义加载数据方法
def load_data():
links = []
nodes = []
friends = db_session.query(Friend).filter_by(disabled=False).all()
for f in friends:
user = db_session.query(User).filter_by(id=f.user_1_id).one()
u1 = {'id': user.id, 'username': user.username, 'img': user.img}
node1 = {'user': u1, 'group': 1}
if not node1 in nodes:
nodes.append(node1)
user = db_session.query(User).filter_by(id=f.user_2_id).one()
u2 = {'id': user.id, 'username': user.username, 'img': user.img}
node2 = {'user': u2, 'group': 1}
if not node2 in nodes:
nodes.append(node2)
#link = {'source': nodes.index(node1), 'target': nodes.index(node2), 'value': common_format(f.time)}
link = {'source': nodes.index(node1), 'target': nodes.index(node2), 'value': common_format(f.time)}
links.append(link)
data = {"nodes": nodes, "links": links}
#print(data)
return data
然后在前台HTML页面中引用d3.js库
<!DOCTYPE html>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<style>
.links line {
stroke: #999;
stroke-opacity: 0.6;
}
.nodes circle {
stroke: #fff;
stroke-width: 1.5px;
}
</style>
<svg width="960" height="600"></svg>
<script src="https://d3js.org/d3.v4.min.js"></script>
<script>
var svg = d3.select("svg"),
width = +svg.attr("width"),
height = +svg.attr("height");
var color = d3.scaleOrdinal(d3.schemeCategory20);
var simulation = d3.forceSimulation()
.force("link", d3.forceLink().id(function(d) { return d.id; }))
.force("charge", d3.forceManyBody())
.force("center", d3.forceCenter(width / 2, height / 2));
d3.json("miserables.json", function(error, graph) {
if (error) throw error;
var link = svg.append("g")
.attr("class", "links")
.selectAll("line")
.data(graph.links)
.enter().append("line")
.attr("stroke-width", function(d) { return Math.sqrt(d.value); });
var node = svg.append("g")
.attr("class", "nodes")
.selectAll("circle")
.data(graph.nodes)
.enter().append("circle")
.attr("r", 5)
.attr("fill", function(d) { return color(d.group); })
.call(d3.drag()
.on("start", dragstarted)
.on("drag", dragged)
.on("end", dragended));
node.append("title")
.text(function(d) { return d.id; });
simulation
.nodes(graph.nodes)
.on("tick", ticked);
simulation.force("link")
.links(graph.links);
function ticked() {
link
.attr("x1", function(d) { return d.source.x; })
.attr("y1", function(d) { return d.source.y; })
.attr("x2", function(d) { return d.target.x; })
.attr("y2", function(d) { return d.target.y; });
node
.attr("cx", function(d) { return d.x; })
.attr("cy", function(d) { return d.y; });
}
});
function dragstarted(d) {
if (!d3.event.active) simulation.alphaTarget(0.3).restart();
d.fx = d.x;
d.fy = d.y;
}
function dragged(d) {
d.fx = d3.event.x;
d.fy = d3.event.y;
}
function dragended(d) {
if (!d3.event.active) simulation.alphaTarget(0);
d.fx = null;
d.fy = null;
}
</script>
示例中使用的是d3.v4.js库,也就是V4版本的库,与V3版本差别比较大,给出数据集格式如下: miserables.json#
{
"nodes": [
{"id": "Myriel", "group": 1},
{"id": "Napoleon", "group": 1},
{"id": "Mlle.Baptistine", "group": 1},
{"id": "Mme.Magloire", "group": 1},
{"id": "CountessdeLo", "group": 1},
{"id": "Geborand", "group": 1},
{"id": "Champtercier", "group": 1},
{"id": "Cravatte", "group": 1},
{"id": "Count", "group": 1},
{"id": "OldMan", "group": 1},
{"id": "Labarre", "group": 2},
{"id": "Valjean", "group": 2},
{"id": "Marguerite", "group": 3},
{"id": "Mme.deR", "group": 2},
{"id": "Isabeau", "group": 2},
{"id": "Gervais", "group": 2},
{"id": "Tholomyes", "group": 3},
{"id": "Listolier", "group": 3},
{"id": "Fameuil", "group": 3},
{"id": "Blacheville", "group": 3},
{"id": "Favourite", "group": 3},
{"id": "Dahlia", "group": 3},
{"id": "Zephine", "group": 3},
{"id": "Fantine", "group": 3},
{"id": "Mme.Thenardier", "group": 4},
{"id": "Thenardier", "group": 4},
{"id": "Cosette", "group": 5},
{"id": "Javert", "group": 4},
{"id": "Fauchelevent", "group": 0},
{"id": "Bamatabois", "group": 2},
{"id": "Perpetue", "group": 3},
{"id": "Simplice", "group": 2},
{"id": "Scaufflaire", "group": 2},
{"id": "Woman1", "group": 2},
{"id": "Judge", "group": 2},
{"id": "Champmathieu", "group": 2},
{"id": "Brevet", "group": 2},
{"id": "Chenildieu", "group": 2},
{"id": "Cochepaille", "group": 2},
{"id": "Pontmercy", "group": 4},
{"id": "Boulatruelle", "group": 6},
{"id": "Eponine", "group": 4},
{"id": "Anzelma", "group": 4},
{"id": "Woman2", "group": 5},
{"id": "MotherInnocent", "group": 0},
{"id": "Gribier", "group": 0},
{"id": "Jondrette", "group": 7},
{"id": "Mme.Burgon", "group": 7},
{"id": "Gavroche", "group": 8},
{"id": "Gillenormand", "group": 5},
{"id": "Magnon", "group": 5},
{"id": "Mlle.Gillenormand", "group": 5},
{"id": "Mme.Pontmercy", "group": 5},
{"id": "Mlle.Vaubois", "group": 5},
{"id": "Lt.Gillenormand", "group": 5},
{"id": "Marius", "group": 8},
{"id": "BaronessT", "group": 5},
{"id": "Mabeuf", "group": 8},
{"id": "Enjolras", "group": 8},
{"id": "Combeferre", "group": 8},
{"id": "Prouvaire", "group": 8},
{"id": "Feuilly", "group": 8},
{"id": "Courfeyrac", "group": 8},
{"id": "Bahorel", "group": 8},
{"id": "Bossuet", "group": 8},
{"id": "Joly", "group": 8},
{"id": "Grantaire", "group": 8},
{"id": "MotherPlutarch", "group": 9},
{"id": "Gueulemer", "group": 4},
{"id": "Babet", "group": 4},
{"id": "Claquesous", "group": 4},
{"id": "Montparnasse", "group": 4},
{"id": "Toussaint", "group": 5},
{"id": "Child1", "group": 10},
{"id": "Child2", "group": 10},
{"id": "Brujon", "group": 4},
{"id": "Mme.Hucheloup", "group": 8}
],
"links": [
{"source": "Napoleon", "target": "Myriel", "value": 1},
{"source": "Mlle.Baptistine", "target": "Myriel", "value": 8},
{"source": "Mme.Magloire", "target": "Myriel", "value": 10},
{"source": "Mme.Magloire", "target": "Mlle.Baptistine", "value": 6},
{"source": "CountessdeLo", "target": "Myriel", "value": 1},
{"source": "Geborand", "target": "Myriel", "value": 1},
{"source": "Champtercier", "target": "Myriel", "value": 1},
{"source": "Cravatte", "target": "Myriel", "value": 1},
{"source": "Count", "target": "Myriel", "value": 2},
{"source": "OldMan", "target": "Myriel", "value": 1},
{"source": "Valjean", "target": "Labarre", "value": 1},
{"source": "Valjean", "target": "Mme.Magloire", "value": 3},
{"source": "Valjean", "target": "Mlle.Baptistine", "value": 3},
{"source": "Valjean", "target": "Myriel", "value": 5},
{"source": "Marguerite", "target": "Valjean", "value": 1},
{"source": "Mme.deR", "target": "Valjean", "value": 1},
{"source": "Isabeau", "target": "Valjean", "value": 1},
{"source": "Gervais", "target": "Valjean", "value": 1},
{"source": "Listolier", "target": "Tholomyes", "value": 4},
{"source": "Fameuil", "target": "Tholomyes", "value": 4},
{"source": "Fameuil", "target": "Listolier", "value": 4},
{"source": "Blacheville", "target": "Tholomyes", "value": 4},
{"source": "Blacheville", "target": "Listolier", "value": 4},
{"source": "Blacheville", "target": "Fameuil", "value": 4},
{"source": "Favourite", "target": "Tholomyes", "value": 3},
{"source": "Favourite", "target": "Listolier", "value": 3},
{"source": "Favourite", "target": "Fameuil", "value": 3},
{"source": "Favourite", "target": "Blacheville", "value": 4},
{"source": "Dahlia", "target": "Tholomyes", "value": 3},
{"source": "Dahlia", "target": "Listolier", "value": 3},
{"source": "Dahlia", "target": "Fameuil", "value": 3},
{"source": "Dahlia", "target": "Blacheville", "value": 3},
{"source": "Dahlia", "target": "Favourite", "value": 5},
{"source": "Zephine", "target": "Tholomyes", "value": 3},
{"source": "Zephine", "target": "Listolier", "value": 3},
{"source": "Zephine", "target": "Fameuil", "value": 3},
{"source": "Zephine", "target": "Blacheville", "value": 3},
{"source": "Zephine", "target": "Favourite", "value": 4},
{"source": "Zephine", "target": "Dahlia", "value": 4},
{"source": "Fantine", "target": "Tholomyes", "value": 3},
{"source": "Fantine", "target": "Listolier", "value": 3},
{"source": "Fantine", "target": "Fameuil", "value": 3},
{"source": "Fantine", "target": "Blacheville", "value": 3},
{"source": "Fantine", "target": "Favourite", "value": 4},
{"source": "Fantine", "target": "Dahlia", "value": 4},
{"source": "Fantine", "target": "Zephine", "value": 4},
{"source": "Fantine", "target": "Marguerite", "value": 2},
{"source": "Fantine", "target": "Valjean", "value": 9},
{"source": "Mme.Thenardier", "target": "Fantine", "value": 2},
{"source": "Mme.Thenardier", "target": "Valjean", "value": 7},
{"source": "Thenardier", "target": "Mme.Thenardier", "value": 13},
{"source": "Thenardier", "target": "Fantine", "value": 1},
{"source": "Thenardier", "target": "Valjean", "value": 12},
{"source": "Cosette", "target": "Mme.Thenardier", "value": 4},
{"source": "Cosette", "target": "Valjean", "value": 31},
{"source": "Cosette", "target": "Tholomyes", "value": 1},
{"source": "Cosette", "target": "Thenardier", "value": 1},
{"source": "Javert", "target": "Valjean", "value": 17},
{"source": "Javert", "target": "Fantine", "value": 5},
{"source": "Javert", "target": "Thenardier", "value": 5},
{"source": "Javert", "target": "Mme.Thenardier", "value": 1},
{"source": "Javert", "target": "Cosette", "value": 1},
{"source": "Fauchelevent", "target": "Valjean", "value": 8},
{"source": "Fauchelevent", "target": "Javert", "value": 1},
{"source": "Bamatabois", "target": "Fantine", "value": 1},
{"source": "Bamatabois", "target": "Javert", "value": 1},
{"source": "Bamatabois", "target": "Valjean", "value": 2},
{"source": "Perpetue", "target": "Fantine", "value": 1},
{"source": "Simplice", "target": "Perpetue", "value": 2},
{"source": "Simplice", "target": "Valjean", "value": 3},
{"source": "Simplice", "target": "Fantine", "value": 2},
{"source": "Simplice", "target": "Javert", "value": 1},
{"source": "Scaufflaire", "target": "Valjean", "value": 1},
{"source": "Woman1", "target": "Valjean", "value": 2},
{"source": "Woman1", "target": "Javert", "value": 1},
{"source": "Judge", "target": "Valjean", "value": 3},
{"source": "Judge", "target": "Bamatabois", "value": 2},
{"source": "Champmathieu", "target": "Valjean", "value": 3},
{"source": "Champmathieu", "target": "Judge", "value": 3},
{"source": "Champmathieu", "target": "Bamatabois", "value": 2},
{"source": "Brevet", "target": "Judge", "value": 2},
{"source": "Brevet", "target": "Champmathieu", "value": 2},
{"source": "Brevet", "target": "Valjean", "value": 2},
{"source": "Brevet", "target": "Bamatabois", "value": 1},
{"source": "Chenildieu", "target": "Judge", "value": 2},
{"source": "Chenildieu", "target": "Champmathieu", "value": 2},
{"source": "Chenildieu", "target": "Brevet", "value": 2},
{"source": "Chenildieu", "target": "Valjean", "value": 2},
{"source": "Chenildieu", "target": "Bamatabois", "value": 1},
{"source": "Cochepaille", "target": "Judge", "value": 2},
{"source": "Cochepaille", "target": "Champmathieu", "value": 2},
{"source": "Cochepaille", "target": "Brevet", "value": 2},
{"source": "Cochepaille", "target": "Chenildieu", "value": 2},
{"source": "Cochepaille", "target": "Valjean", "value": 2},
{"source": "Cochepaille", "target": "Bamatabois", "value": 1},
{"source": "Pontmercy", "target": "Thenardier", "value": 1},
{"source": "Boulatruelle", "target": "Thenardier", "value": 1},
{"source": "Eponine", "target": "Mme.Thenardier", "value": 2},
{"source": "Eponine", "target": "Thenardier", "value": 3},
{"source": "Anzelma", "target": "Eponine", "value": 2},
{"source": "Anzelma", "target": "Thenardier", "value": 2},
{"source": "Anzelma", "target": "Mme.Thenardier", "value": 1},
{"source": "Woman2", "target": "Valjean", "value": 3},
{"source": "Woman2", "target": "Cosette", "value": 1},
{"source": "Woman2", "target": "Javert", "value": 1},
{"source": "MotherInnocent", "target": "Fauchelevent", "value": 3},
{"source": "MotherInnocent", "target": "Valjean", "value": 1},
{"source": "Gribier", "target": "Fauchelevent", "value": 2},
{"source": "Mme.Burgon", "target": "Jondrette", "value": 1},
{"source": "Gavroche", "target": "Mme.Burgon", "value": 2},
{"source": "Gavroche", "target": "Thenardier", "value": 1},
{"source": "Gavroche", "target": "Javert", "value": 1},
{"source": "Gavroche", "target": "Valjean", "value": 1},
{"source": "Gillenormand", "target": "Cosette", "value": 3},
{"source": "Gillenormand", "target": "Valjean", "value": 2},
{"source": "Magnon", "target": "Gillenormand", "value": 1},
{"source": "Magnon", "target": "Mme.Thenardier", "value": 1},
{"source": "Mlle.Gillenormand", "target": "Gillenormand", "value": 9},
{"source": "Mlle.Gillenormand", "target": "Cosette", "value": 2},
{"source": "Mlle.Gillenormand", "target": "Valjean", "value": 2},
{"source": "Mme.Pontmercy", "target": "Mlle.Gillenormand", "value": 1},
{"source": "Mme.Pontmercy", "target": "Pontmercy", "value": 1},
{"source": "Mlle.Vaubois", "target": "Mlle.Gillenormand", "value": 1},
{"source": "Lt.Gillenormand", "target": "Mlle.Gillenormand", "value": 2},
{"source": "Lt.Gillenormand", "target": "Gillenormand", "value": 1},
{"source": "Lt.Gillenormand", "target": "Cosette", "value": 1},
{"source": "Marius", "target": "Mlle.Gillenormand", "value": 6},
{"source": "Marius", "target": "Gillenormand", "value": 12},
{"source": "Marius", "target": "Pontmercy", "value": 1},
{"source": "Marius", "target": "Lt.Gillenormand", "value": 1},
{"source": "Marius", "target": "Cosette", "value": 21},
{"source": "Marius", "target": "Valjean", "value": 19},
{"source": "Marius", "target": "Tholomyes", "value": 1},
{"source": "Marius", "target": "Thenardier", "value": 2},
{"source": "Marius", "target": "Eponine", "value": 5},
{"source": "Marius", "target": "Gavroche", "value": 4},
{"source": "BaronessT", "target": "Gillenormand", "value": 1},
{"source": "BaronessT", "target": "Marius", "value": 1},
{"source": "Mabeuf", "target": "Marius", "value": 1},
{"source": "Mabeuf", "target": "Eponine", "value": 1},
{"source": "Mabeuf", "target": "Gavroche", "value": 1},
{"source": "Enjolras", "target": "Marius", "value": 7},
{"source": "Enjolras", "target": "Gavroche", "value": 7},
{"source": "Enjolras", "target": "Javert", "value": 6},
{"source": "Enjolras", "target": "Mabeuf", "value": 1},
{"source": "Enjolras", "target": "Valjean", "value": 4},
{"source": "Combeferre", "target": "Enjolras", "value": 15},
{"source": "Combeferre", "target": "Marius", "value": 5},
{"source": "Combeferre", "target": "Gavroche", "value": 6},
{"source": "Combeferre", "target": "Mabeuf", "value": 2},
{"source": "Prouvaire", "target": "Gavroche", "value": 1},
{"source": "Prouvaire", "target": "Enjolras", "value": 4},
{"source": "Prouvaire", "target": "Combeferre", "value": 2},
{"source": "Feuilly", "target": "Gavroche", "value": 2},
{"source": "Feuilly", "target": "Enjolras", "value": 6},
{"source": "Feuilly", "target": "Prouvaire", "value": 2},
{"source": "Feuilly", "target": "Combeferre", "value": 5},
{"source": "Feuilly", "target": "Mabeuf", "value": 1},
{"source": "Feuilly", "target": "Marius", "value": 1},
{"source": "Courfeyrac", "target": "Marius", "value": 9},
{"source": "Courfeyrac", "target": "Enjolras", "value": 17},
{"source": "Courfeyrac", "target": "Combeferre", "value": 13},
{"source": "Courfeyrac", "target": "Gavroche", "value": 7},
{"source": "Courfeyrac", "target": "Mabeuf", "value": 2},
{"source": "Courfeyrac", "target": "Eponine", "value": 1},
{"source": "Courfeyrac", "target": "Feuilly", "value": 6},
{"source": "Courfeyrac", "target": "Prouvaire", "value": 3},
{"source": "Bahorel", "target": "Combeferre", "value": 5},
{"source": "Bahorel", "target": "Gavroche", "value": 5},
{"source": "Bahorel", "target": "Courfeyrac", "value": 6},
{"source": "Bahorel", "target": "Mabeuf", "value": 2},
{"source": "Bahorel", "target": "Enjolras", "value": 4},
{"source": "Bahorel", "target": "Feuilly", "value": 3},
{"source": "Bahorel", "target": "Prouvaire", "value": 2},
{"source": "Bahorel", "target": "Marius", "value": 1},
{"source": "Bossuet", "target": "Marius", "value": 5},
{"source": "Bossuet", "target": "Courfeyrac", "value": 12},
{"source": "Bossuet", "target": "Gavroche", "value": 5},
{"source": "Bossuet", "target": "Bahorel", "value": 4},
{"source": "Bossuet", "target": "Enjolras", "value": 10},
{"source": "Bossuet", "target": "Feuilly", "value": 6},
{"source": "Bossuet", "target": "Prouvaire", "value": 2},
{"source": "Bossuet", "target": "Combeferre", "value": 9},
{"source": "Bossuet", "target": "Mabeuf", "value": 1},
{"source": "Bossuet", "target": "Valjean", "value": 1},
{"source": "Joly", "target": "Bahorel", "value": 5},
{"source": "Joly", "target": "Bossuet", "value": 7},
{"source": "Joly", "target": "Gavroche", "value": 3},
{"source": "Joly", "target": "Courfeyrac", "value": 5},
{"source": "Joly", "target": "Enjolras", "value": 5},
{"source": "Joly", "target": "Feuilly", "value": 5},
{"source": "Joly", "target": "Prouvaire", "value": 2},
{"source": "Joly", "target": "Combeferre", "value": 5},
{"source": "Joly", "target": "Mabeuf", "value": 1},
{"source": "Joly", "target": "Marius", "value": 2},
{"source": "Grantaire", "target": "Bossuet", "value": 3},
{"source": "Grantaire", "target": "Enjolras", "value": 3},
{"source": "Grantaire", "target": "Combeferre", "value": 1},
{"source": "Grantaire", "target": "Courfeyrac", "value": 2},
{"source": "Grantaire", "target": "Joly", "value": 2},
{"source": "Grantaire", "target": "Gavroche", "value": 1},
{"source": "Grantaire", "target": "Bahorel", "value": 1},
{"source": "Grantaire", "target": "Feuilly", "value": 1},
{"source": "Grantaire", "target": "Prouvaire", "value": 1},
{"source": "MotherPlutarch", "target": "Mabeuf", "value": 3},
{"source": "Gueulemer", "target": "Thenardier", "value": 5},
{"source": "Gueulemer", "target": "Valjean", "value": 1},
{"source": "Gueulemer", "target": "Mme.Thenardier", "value": 1},
{"source": "Gueulemer", "target": "Javert", "value": 1},
{"source": "Gueulemer", "target": "Gavroche", "value": 1},
{"source": "Gueulemer", "target": "Eponine", "value": 1},
{"source": "Babet", "target": "Thenardier", "value": 6},
{"source": "Babet", "target": "Gueulemer", "value": 6},
{"source": "Babet", "target": "Valjean", "value": 1},
{"source": "Babet", "target": "Mme.Thenardier", "value": 1},
{"source": "Babet", "target": "Javert", "value": 2},
{"source": "Babet", "target": "Gavroche", "value": 1},
{"source": "Babet", "target": "Eponine", "value": 1},
{"source": "Claquesous", "target": "Thenardier", "value": 4},
{"source": "Claquesous", "target": "Babet", "value": 4},
{"source": "Claquesous", "target": "Gueulemer", "value": 4},
{"source": "Claquesous", "target": "Valjean", "value": 1},
{"source": "Claquesous", "target": "Mme.Thenardier", "value": 1},
{"source": "Claquesous", "target": "Javert", "value": 1},
{"source": "Claquesous", "target": "Eponine", "value": 1},
{"source": "Claquesous", "target": "Enjolras", "value": 1},
{"source": "Montparnasse", "target": "Javert", "value": 1},
{"source": "Montparnasse", "target": "Babet", "value": 2},
{"source": "Montparnasse", "target": "Gueulemer", "value": 2},
{"source": "Montparnasse", "target": "Claquesous", "value": 2},
{"source": "Montparnasse", "target": "Valjean", "value": 1},
{"source": "Montparnasse", "target": "Gavroche", "value": 1},
{"source": "Montparnasse", "target": "Eponine", "value": 1},
{"source": "Montparnasse", "target": "Thenardier", "value": 1},
{"source": "Toussaint", "target": "Cosette", "value": 2},
{"source": "Toussaint", "target": "Javert", "value": 1},
{"source": "Toussaint", "target": "Valjean", "value": 1},
{"source": "Child1", "target": "Gavroche", "value": 2},
{"source": "Child2", "target": "Gavroche", "value": 2},
{"source": "Child2", "target": "Child1", "value": 3},
{"source": "Brujon", "target": "Babet", "value": 3},
{"source": "Brujon", "target": "Gueulemer", "value": 3},
{"source": "Brujon", "target": "Thenardier", "value": 3},
{"source": "Brujon", "target": "Gavroche", "value": 1},
{"source": "Brujon", "target": "Eponine", "value": 1},
{"source": "Brujon", "target": "Claquesous", "value": 1},
{"source": "Brujon", "target": "Montparnasse", "value": 1},
{"source": "Mme.Hucheloup", "target": "Bossuet", "value": 1},
{"source": "Mme.Hucheloup", "target": "Joly", "value": 1},
{"source": "Mme.Hucheloup", "target": "Grantaire", "value": 1},
{"source": "Mme.Hucheloup", "target": "Bahorel", "value": 1},
{"source": "Mme.Hucheloup", "target": "Courfeyrac", "value": 1},
{"source": "Mme.Hucheloup", "target": "Gavroche", "value": 1},
{"source": "Mme.Hucheloup", "target": "Enjolras", "value": 1}
]
}
这样,访问这个页面就可以把数据渲染为图了。